He described a condition he called pseudologia phantastica, which roughly translates to fantastical lying. Delbrück wrote about the woman and four other cases in a book he published in 1891. She was brought in for psychiatric evaluation after using a disguise to pass herself off as a man while attending an educational institution. For instance, one was a woman who traveled through Austria and Switzerland using boastful and imaginative deception to convince people at various times that she was a Spanish royal, a Romanian princess, the affluent friend of a bishop, and an impoverished medical student. He had a handful of patients who exhibited an unusual pattern of pervasive dishonesty. The highly-regarded German psychiatrist, Anton Delbrück, worked at several insane asylums in Europe. He noted that while the lies may start off in the service goals such as attention, thrills, or material gain, pathological liars can, in a sense, lose themselves in their lies and begin to tell lies that offer no obvious incentives.Īcross the Atlantic at the same time, another researcher was tackling the concept of pathological lying. In contrast, archetypal pathological liars do not constantly seek attention.The term he used for this insane tendency to lie was pseudomania. They often lie as a way to enhance and/or facilitate their dramatic and attention-seeking behaviour. Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD): Those with HPD act in a highly emotional and dramatic way to draw attention to themselves.Although those with APD are often pathological liars, archetypal pathological liars rarely have disordered antisocial personalities. Those with APD often lie repeatedly and consistently for personal satisfaction alone. Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD): APD is the condition in which the sufferer has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others (and is often criminal).BPD patients typically lack a consistent self- identity and impulse control, which may facilitate the distortions or lies told. Pathological lying and being deceitful are not core characteristics of BPD, according to the DSM, but some with BPD do engage in lies. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): BPD is a condition where people have long-term patterns of unstable and/or turbulent emotions.In contrast, the archetypal pathological liar doesn’t want to appear sick to other people. Factitious Disorder (FD): FD is the deliberate use of lies and/or exaggerations concerning psychological and/or physical symptoms solely for the purpose of assuming the role of a sick person (formerly known as Munchausen’s Syndrome). Unlike the elaborate and sometimes fantastical stories told by archetypal pathological liars, the lies told by those with GS are very simplistic and approximate. Ganser’s Syndrome (GS): GS is a rare dissociative disorder (only 101 recorded cases ever) characterized by affected people giving nonsensical answers to questions (and goes under many other names including "nonsense syndrome" and "balderdash syndrome").In archetypal pathological liars, the condition is psychological (rather than organic) in origin. Confabulation: This is where people tell lies incessantly as a way of covering up memory lapses caused by specific memory loss conditions (e.g., organically derived amnesia).Unlike "archetypal" pathological liars, malingerers are typically motivated to tell lies for a specific purpose, such as to obtain financial compensation, to avoid working, to avoid military service, to avoid criminal prosecution, etc. Malingering: This is deliberate lying where the person grossly exaggerates or totally lies about physical and/or psychological symptoms.However, it is evident that no single descriptive tableau of a pathological liar settles all the nosological and etiological questions raised by the phenomenon of pathological lying.” (p.344) “Pathological liars can believe their lies to the extent that, at least to others, the belief may appear to be delusional they generally have sound judgment in other matters it is questionable whether pathological lying is always a conscious act and whether pathological liars always have control over their lies an external reason for lying (such as financial gain) often appears absent and the internal or psychological purpose for lying is often unclear the lies in pathological lying are often unplanned and rather impulsive the pathological liar may become a prisoner of his or her lies the desired personality of the pathological liar may overwhelm the actual one pathological lying may sometimes be associated with criminal behavior the pathological liar may acknowledge, at least in part, the falseness of the tales when energetically challenged and, in pathological lying, telling lies may often seem to be an end in itself.
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